英语知识点梳理| 动词和短语动词

知识点梳理

知识网络
动词的分类		行为动词（实义动词） ①及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop; ②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come ③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）
		连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）
		助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语） be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
		情态动词 can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点		动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类 Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物） Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物） 注意： ①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开 She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。 ②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间 She gave them away.她送掉了它们。 = 3 \* GB3 ③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异 ring back回电话     ring off挂断电话     ring up打电话 put away放好       put on穿，上演      put up挂起，举起。 = 4 \* GB3 ④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异 break out发生，爆炸       carry out进行，开展        go out熄灭 hand out分发              let out放出                look out当心 sell out卖完               set out出发,               take out取出 work out算出
		动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。 ②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。 look after照料，look at看，look for寻找
		动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
考点聚焦及解题点拨
	(单个动词)同义词近义词辨析			从三个方面考虑：词的恰切含义、搭配（与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配）和用法（是及物动词还是不及物动词）
	系动词的用法			状态系动词be 持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest 表象系动词seem,appear 感官/感觉系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel 变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come 终止系动词prove,turn out
				解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注：go hungry,come true,turn writer
	接双宾语的动词			give sb. sth=give sth.to sb             buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb 但是我们只能说：suggest sth. to sb.    explain sth.to sb.      read sth. to sb.
	短语动词的辨析		熟记常考的短语动词的意义
	容易被我们忽视的知识点	sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义
		happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式

视频讲解

练习

1.    The mail was ______ for two days because of the snow storm.

A. held out       B. held off        C. held up         D. held down 

2.    -- Can I do the job?

-- I’m afraid not, because it ______ skill and patience.

A. calls for       B. asks for         C. sends for       D. cares for  

3.    The government has ______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.

A. asked for      B. called for         C. looked for      D. paid for  

4.    Though he is ______ worker, he works very hard.

A. an ordinary    B. a common         C. a usual        D. a general 

5.    The plan ______ just because people were unwilling to cooperate.

A. turned down    B. pulled down      C. broke down     D. put down  

6.    I don’t skate now, but I ______ when I was a kid.

A. used to        B. am used to do     C. was used to skate D. used to it 

7.    Students should be encouraged to finish their homework ______.

A. of themselves   B. of their own      C. for their own    D. on their own 

8.    Does the way you thought of ______ the water clear make any sense?

A. making        B. to make         C. how to make     D. having making 

9.    Such ______ the case, I couldn’t help but ______ him.

A. being; support  B. is; to support      C. has been; supporting D. be; supported 

10. -- And besides, these colors are more ______ you.

   -- Do you really think so? I’ll take it then.

   A. becoming to    B. belonging to      C. referring to       D. used to 

11. I simply couldn’t understand how it ______ that you did so much work within such a short time.

   A. came across     B. came about      C. came up          D. came back

12. No agreement was reached in the discussion because neither side would ______ to ______.

   A. give away; the other                B. give up; others

   C. give in; other                      D. give out; another   

13. Her face gave her ______ when she told a lie.

   A. off            B. away            C. up              D. out  

14. I really don’t want to go to the party, but I don’t see how I can ______ it.

   A. get back from   B. get out of        C. get away          D. get off 

15. And there, almost ______ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to be quiet.

   A. losing         B. having lost        C. to be lost         D. lost  

16. Without fact, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ______ our thinking.

   A. which to be based on                 B. upon which to base

   C. which to base upon                  D. to which to be based  

17. There are many interesting books ______, but I’m at a loss which to borrow.

   A. to choose      B. for choosing       C. to be chosen       D. to choose from 

18. The two sides have finally ______, though some small differences still exist.

   A. made a decision  B. reached an agreement C. settled down  D. broken up

19. To everybody’s surprise, the fashionable young lady ______ to be a thief.

   A. found out      B. proved out      C. turned out       D. put out  

20. What a pity! He ______ the only chance of success.

   A. gave in        B. put down       C. threw away      D. broke off  

21. The truth will sooner or later ______.

   A. come about     B. turn out       C. come out        D. give out   

22. The teacher ______ excellent models of compositions for her class.

   A. held up        B. held back      C. got through      D. got up 

23. In my opinion, medical treatment and special schools should be ______ disabled people.

   A. referred to    B. supplied with   C. given by        D. provided for   

24. It is said that the newly-built theatre can ______ 1,800 people.

   A. be held        B. seat           C. sit             D. be seated   

25. The president of Iraq has decided to step down to be ______ by his younger son.

   A. changed       B. taken          C. held           D. succeeded  

26. It snowed heavily for three days ______ and they were separated from the outside world.

   A. in the end      B. at the end       C. by the end      D. on end  

27. I think things will ______ soon. All signs have shown everything is getting better.

    A. put up      B. set up        C. pick up      D. hold up   

28. -- Are you sure he will join us ?

    -- Of course. He will be ______ glad to come.

    A. only too    B. too much      C. all too       D. none too 

29.  This room _____ fifty people.

A. contains     B. containing   C. includes     D. included  

30.  After coming back from work, he _____ his car in the street.

A. washed down B. washed away  C. went down   D. laid down  

31.  I can’t _____ his name at the moment.

A. think over    B. think about    C. think        D. think of 

32.  Every day, people _____ a lot of rubbish.

A. give away    B. throw away     C. clean away    D. wash away  

33.  He _____ and broke his right leg.

A. knocked over B. got over       C. fell over   D. took over 

34. The fellow I spoke ____ no answer at first.

    A. made        B. to make        C. to made      D. to making 

35. On Sunday morning after getting up, I help my mother _____ our rooms and wash dirty clothes.

    A. do up        B. turn up        C. keep up          D. speed up

36. If you are not sure of the meaning of this word, you can _____ the dictionary.

    A. refer to      B. look up        C. see              D. make use of 

37. The story was so moving that I could hardly _____ my tears.

    A. hold up      B. hold on        C. hold on to       D. hold back 

38. Her mother was _____ ill yesterday and is now in hospital.

A. broken       B. taken          C. caught           D. laid 

39. He ran back into the room to see if he had anything _____ behind.

A. forgotten    B. laid           C. remained         D. left  

40. The fire had burnt half the forest _____ before it was stopped.

A. over         B. away           C. alone             D. out 

41. Eager to get thin, Ruth has decided to _____ meat entirely for three years at least.

A. cut off      B. cut up         C. cut out         D. cut down 

42. A voice _____ the program to announce the election results.

A. broke into   B. broke up        C. cut down        D. cut off 

43. That was a terrible piece of work you _____ the other day. I could hardly believe it was yours.

A. turned in     B. turned into     C. turned over    D. turned up 

44. All of a _____ the ship struck a rock.

A. suddenly      B. sudden          C. quick          D. quickly 

45.  Never smoke or let yourself _____ any bad habits.

A. get into         B. fall into        C. make into    D. look into  

46. Electric trains have now ______ steam trains in many countries.

A．push over     B．blown over      C．kept back     D．taken the place of 

47. Don't walk too near the edge of the cliff (悬岩), you might ______ .     

A．blow over     B．fall over      C．carry off      D．cut off    

48. If a person has drunk poison by mistake, you should make the person ____ ．

A．go up         B．rise up        C．throw up       D．set up  

49. Just when I had put the glass safely down on the table, the cat jumped up and ______ it off.

A．knocked       B．fell           C．turned         D．took  

50. Every hour in the morning the CCTV ______ the latest news in

Yugoslavia（南斯拉夫）.

    A. announced    B. broadcast    C. reported       D. published 

51 The storm ______ several trees down in the park.                    

A．blew            B．burnt          C．turned         D．brought    

52. Never ____ your work till tomorrow. You should finish it before going to bed.

    A. drop           B. leave          C. put            D. stay 

53. I think there is a train at 6:00, but you’d better ______.

    A. be sure        B. sure of       C. make sure       D. be sure about 

54. The girl was lucky enough to ______ the bad men and ran away.

    A. break away                      B. break away from

    C. break out                       D. break into from 

55. Have you tried to get them _______the price ?

    A. go down       B. to go down     C. bring down     D. to bring down 

56. I’m so glad to see you again. You are not what you _____.

    A. used to be                      B. used to look   

C. were used to be                 D. used to looking like 

57. This company can______ a lot money for the country in a year?

    A. bring up       B. bring in      C. bring down    D. bring out 

58. A student began to sing a song, and soon everyone else _____.

    A. joined         B. joined in     C. joined with   D. took part in 

59. No one can ______ the wheel of history however powerful he may be.

A. put up            B. take back        C. hold back         D. pick up 

60.  Just now I ______ an old friend. I haven’t seen for years.

A. came upon      B. came in        C. came out      D. came up   

61. When I asked him to have a drink with me, he said he was in a hurry and had not a minute to ______.

A. spend          B. save           C. spare         D. share  

62. Your school life is going to ______ but your cough ought ______ before it gets any worse.

A. be broken up…to see to          B. be broken up… to have been seen to

C. break up… to have seen to       D. break up … to be seen to  

63.  She _____ not well, and yet the clothes that she _____ fit her very well.

A. has on; put on  B. put on; has on  C. wears; dresses  D. dresses; wears 

64. He is seriously ill. He is _____ of death.

A. on the edge    B. at an edge     C. in the edge    D. by an edge 

65. That evening she _____ writing the report.

A. set out        B. set off        C. set up         D. set about 

66.  Unless the workers’ demands are ______, soon there will be a strike.

A. paid           B. met            C. permitted      D. got

67. When you visit the Great Wall next time, _____ with you, please.

    A. take away      B. take along     C. take along me   D. take me along 

68. The writer had written many famous novels, which were published in his later forties.

    A. came to        B. come upon      C. came out        D. come back 

69.  She ______ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.                                                 A. looked up      B. looked for      C. picked out     D. picked up 

70. -- Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?                          

    -- Yes. They have better players, so I ______ them to win.

  A. hope          B. prefer           C. expect        D. want  

71. It took the firemen three hours before they finally ______ the fire.

    A. put down      B. put off          C. put away       D. put out

72.  The English evening has ____ till Friday.

A. put off       B. called off       C. been put off    D. been called off 

73.  Seeing a little girl crying in the street, the policeman went up to ______.

A. help out     B. send out         C. pick out        D. try out 

74.  When you come to Shenzhen, I can _____ the night.

A. put you up for  B. put you down for C. put you to  D. put you for  

75.  My study of biology has ______ much of my spare time, but it has 

   given me a great deal of enjoyment.

 A. taken off    B. taken down    C. taken up     D. taken away 

76.  In class we try to ______ our minds what the teacher says.

   A. make up      B. impress on    C. keep on      D. fill with 

77.  When he first ____ story-telling, he used to ask many children to come and listen.

A. took down    B. took over     C. took up      D. took trouble in 

78. -- What has made you so happy?

    -- Oh, I’ve just ______ an old friend. I haven’t seen him for years

  A. come across  B. come in      C. come out     D. come up 

79.  This problem ______ studying with great care.

A. asks          B. requires     C. expects       D. demands 

80. -- Do you know Kate quarreled with her maths teacher?

    -- I don’t know, nor do I ______.

    A. care         B. mind          C. wonder          D. matter 

81.  Can you ______ what the teacher wrote on the blackboard.

A. make up      B. make from     C. make of     D. make out 

82.  On the way home, the children were ______ in a storm.

A. struck       B. hit          C. caught         D. beaten 

83.  The warm, sunny climate ______ him, and he soon grew strong and healthy.

A. agreed on    B. agreed to    C. agreed with    D. agreed for  

84.  The audience（观众） ______  laughter at the sight of the funny actor.

A. burst into   B. burst out   C. broke out     D. went into 

85.  The underground of Shenzhen will ______ more people than the buses.

A. bring        B. send         C. carry         D. hold 

86.  As soon as the manager entered his office, he began to ______ the

telephone book on his desk.

A. look up      B. look through C. look upon     D. look for 

87.  The Chinese in many places of the world ______ the old tradition.

A. keep up      B. keep on      C. keep from     D. keep over

88.  I asked for a day off but the boss ______ my request.

A. turned down B. turned out    C. turned on     D. turned off 

89.  I didn’t notice that the bus had stopped to ______ some passengers.

A. get on      B. get off       C. pick up       D. pick out 

90.  He kept ______ with silly questions.

A. breaking down  B. breaking in   C. breaking into  D. breaking up

91.  Now I’d like to _____ the question of funds.

A. bring about    B. bring down    C. bring forward   D. bring in 

92.  The audience were ______ by her beautiful song.

A. carried away    B. carried on   C. carried out  D. carried through

93.  If you don’t ______ in the morning, the boss will not know whether you come to work or not.

A. check           B. check in      C. check out    D. check through                                                      

94.  When it ______ tennis, you can’t beat her.

A. come about      B. come across   C. come out     D. come to   

95.  Jimmy was really ______ when all his friends refused to help him.

A. cut away        B. cut off        C. cut out     D. cut up

96.  It took Monica’s grandmother nearly an hour to ______ the letter from her.

A. get down to     B. get through    C. get off     D. get over

97.  We need one more player to ______ a football team.

A. make for        B. make of        C. make out     D. make up   

98.  In order to make a living, her grandfather ______ plenty of insults in the old days.

A. put down        B. put forward    C. put through  D. put up with

99.  My dream began to ______ the quality of reality.

A. take back       B. take on        C. take over    D. take up 

100. The mobile phone you lost yesterday has　______.

A. turned in      B. turned out      C. turned to    D. turned up

 

 

KEYS：

1—5 CAABC     6—10 ADBAA   11—15 BABBD   16—20 BDBCC   21—25 CADBB

26—30 DCAAA  31—35 DBCCD   36—40 ADBDB   41—45 ADABA   46—50 DBCAB

51—55 ABCBD  56—60 ABBCA   61—65 CDDAD   66—70 BDCAC   71—75 DCAAC

76—80 BCABA  81—85 DCCAC   86—90 BAACB   91—95 CABDD   96—100 BDDBD