英语知识点梳理| 形容词和副词
大树 • 2017-10-09 02:44 • 379 次点击 • 五月高考复习
I. 形容词
1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置
|
1 |
修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 |
nobody absent, everything possible |
|
2 |
以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 |
the best book available, the only solution possible |
|
3 |
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 |
the only person awake |
|
4 |
和空间、时间、单位连用时 |
a bridge 50 meters long |
|
5 |
成对的形容词可以后置 |
a huge room simple and beautiful |
|
6 |
形容词短语一般后置 |
a man difficult to get on with |
|
7 |
enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 |
______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000) A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave |
注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。
规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
2.复合形容词的构成
|
1 |
形容词+名词+ed |
kind-hearted |
6 |
名词+形容词 |
world-famous |
|
2 |
形容词+形容词 |
dark-blue |
7 |
名词+现在分词 |
peace-loving |
|
3 |
形容词+现在分词 |
ordinary-looking |
8 |
名词+过去分词 |
snow-covered |
|
4 |
副词+现在分词 |
hard-working |
9 |
数词+名词+ed |
three-egged |
|
5 |
副词+过去分词 |
newly-built |
10 |
数词+名词 |
twenty-year |
3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。
II.副词的分类：
|
1 |
时间副词 |
soon, now, early, finally, once, recently |
5 |
频度副词 |
always, often, frequently, seldom, never |
|
2 |
地点副词 |
here, nearby, outside, upwards, above |
6 |
疑问副词 |
how, where, when, why |
|
3 |
方式副词 |
hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really |
7 |
连接副词 |
how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile |
|
4 |
程度副词 |
almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather |
8 |
关系副词 |
when, where, why |
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
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项 目 |
例 句 |
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同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… |
She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. |
|
双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 |
This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). |
|
表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 |
This room is less beautiful than that one. |
|
表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 |
The harder you work, the more progress you will make |
|
用比较级来表达最高级的意思 |
I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。） |
|
倍数的表达 |
表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. |
注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。
A. high valuable B. highly valuable C. valuable high D. valuable highly
2. Mr. Johnson and his ______ daughter do not always understand each other.
A. older B. the oldest C. eldest D. the eldest
3. They ______ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.
A. little B. not C. small D. bit
4. They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is ______.
A. so small B. such little C. so little D. such small
5. If a claim is kept ______, it is more likely to be recognized.
A. live B. lived C. alive D. living
6. On his way to school he met ______, so he sent him to hospital.
A. very ill man B. much sick man C. serious ill man D. very sick man
7. She was operated a month ago but now she was ______.
A. very good B. very well
C. healthy D. good conditioned
8. What I would do is to go ______.
A. really quietly somewhere B. somewhere quietly really
C. really quiet somewhere D. somewhere really quiet
9. The chairman asked ______ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.
A. the present members B. the members presently
C. the members present D. the presently members
10. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.
A. three times much as B. three times as many as
C. as three times much as D. three times as much as
11. The trousers are ______, but Tom does not care a bit.
A. too a little small B. a little too small
C. a too little small D. a small too little
12. She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than ______.
A. other girls B. that of other girls
C. the other girls D. those of other girls
13. he can play tennis better than ______ in the class.
A. any boys B. any other boy C. any boy D. any other
14. Kasia is taking her ______ tour of the shops in search of bargains.
A. daily B. day C. day time D. night
15. ______ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become.
A. The more frequent B. The frequenter
C. The more frequently D. The frequentlier
16. We’d better wait _______ , Peter and Tom will come very soon.
A. a little longer B. more longer C. long D. as longer
17. Although the medicine tastes ______, it seems to help my condition.
A. bad B. badly C. too much bad D. too badly
18. When she got her first month salary, Diana bought herself ______ dress.
A. a cotton , blue …expensive B. an expensive … blue, cotton
C. a blue, expensive … cotton D. a cotton, expensive… blue
19. The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier.
A. everything possible humanly B. humanly everything possible
C. everything humanly possible D. humanly possible everything
20. I was worried very much because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______.
A. lately B. late C. latter D. more later
21. The noise outside was ______ his speech was hardly audible.
A. too irritating that B. so irritating so
C. so irritating that D. so irritating enough that
22. The harder the shrub is to grow, ______.
A. the more higher price it B. the higher price it is
C. the higher the price is D. the higher is the price
23. The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are ______ taken from the earth.
A. clearest than those B. clearer than that
C. much clear than those D. much clearer than those
24. ______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.
A. Three-minute call B. A three-minutes call
C. A three-minute call D. A three-minutes-call
25. We arrived ______ Professor Baker had already called the roll.
A. so lately that B. as late that C. so later that D. so late that
26. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.
A. so nice weather B. such nice weather
C. so nice a weather D. such a nice weather
27. Her little car isn’t ______ to seat more than two people comfortably.
A. big enough B. enough big C. so big enough D. big as enough
28. His score on the exam was ______ to qualify him for a graduate program.
A. too good B. well enough C. as high as D. good enough
29. The plane is scheduled to arrive ______ because of bad weather.
A. lately B. late C. later D. latest
30. There are ______ that I can’t finish them.
A. so long assignments B. such long assignments
C. long assignments D. so very long assignments
31. Bats find their way by squeaking ______ and guiding themselves by echoes.
A. very fast B. very fastly D. much faster D. most fastly
32. Your application will be considered ______ your file is completed.
A. as quickly as B. as soon as C. as fast as D. as early as
33. This dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one.
A. twice more than B. twice as much as
C. as much twice as D. twice so much as
34. A new shopping center on the north side will have ______.
A. five hundred more than shops B. as more than five hundred shops
C. five hundred shops more than D. more than five hundred shops
35. The more you study during the semester, ______ you have to study the week before exams.
A. the less B. the lesser C. less D. the little
36. To answer accurately is more important than ______.
A. a quick finish B. to finish quickly
C. finishing quickly D. you finish quickly
37. When a body enters the earth’s atmosphere, it travels ______.
A. in a rapid manner B. fastly C. with great speed D. very rapidly
38. The salary of a taxi driver is much higher _______.
A. in comparison with the salary of a teacher B. than a teacher
C. than that of a teacher D. to compare as a teacher
39. Frost occurs in valleys and on low grounds ______ on adjacent hills.
A. more frequently as B. as frequently than
C. more frequently than D. frequently than
40. She can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can’t eat ______ in his restaurant.
A. free, free B. free, freely C. freely, free D. freely, freely
41. You will have to practice ______ times before you can do it.
A. may more B. more several C. more often D. more many
42. I have been going to Shanghai ______ than I used to.
A. lesser B. less C. fewer D. less often
43. Tuition at American university runs ______ one thousand dollars a semester.
A. so high as B. as high to C. as high as D. as higher than
44. I enjoy the concert last night; they played ______ beautiful music.
A. such B. such a C. so D. so a
45. Several day ______, I saw the man again on the street.
A. late B. later C. latter D. last
46. When electricity was first invented, people refused to believe such a thing ______.
A. impossible B. possibly C. possible D. impossibly
47. The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a ______ show.
A. living B. live C. alive D. lived
48. When the three boys met one another, they found they looked very much ______. Then they knew they were triplet.
A. like B. alike C. likely D. liked
49. The doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying.
A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong
C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong
50. If you live in Wuhan one day and in Shenyang the next, you ______ the change in temperature.
A. are certainly to feel B. certainly feel
C. are to feel certainly D. are certain to feel
51. As a safety precaution, all drivers carry only enough money to make change for ______.
A. a bill of ten-dollar B. a ten-dollars bill
C. a ten-dollar bill D. a tens-dollar bill
52. When I spent holidays Europe, I bought _____ vases.
A. two lovely big old German B. two lovely old big German
C. two German big old lovely D. lovely big two old German
53. Everyone will agree that food in the south is as good as ______ in the country.
A. other region B. any other region
C. that of any region D. that of any other region
54. Stars are so far away that they are ______ spots of light when seen from the earth.
A. nothing more as B. anything more than
C. more than D. nothing more than
55. What deeply impressed his was that magnificent ______.
A. eight-century-old B. eight-centuries
C. old-eight-centuries D. eight-century’s-old
56. _______ focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies.
A. The below text and dialogues B. Below the text and dialogues
C. The text and dialogues below D. Text and dialogues the below
57. People will be able to fly from one planet to another in ______.
A. little nasty arrow-shaped tubes B. nasty little arrow-shaped tubes
C. arrow-shaped little nasty tubes D. arrow-shaped little nasty tube
58. Beginning in the late 19th century, the _______ rise in the productivity of England was just ______ less than Germany and the U.S.
A. year…slightly B. yearly…slight C. yearly…slightly D. year…slight
59. In Spain, officials estimate that ______ 75 percent of the current violent crime is drug related.
A. much as B. as much as C. as many as D. as great
60. You should spend ______ in the study of the various senses and uses of the common words.
A. much time as you can B. as time much as you can
C. time as many as you can D. as much time as you can
61. Professor Chen asked us to write ______ essay on individual differences in second language learning.
A. a no more than two-thousand-word B. a less two-thousand-words
C. a less than two-thousands-words D. a no more two than thousand word
62. Her voice is ______.
A. loud B. aloud C. loudly D. loudness
63. That so many advances have been made in ______ is the most valid argument for retaining the research unit.
A. such short time B. so a short time
C. such a short time D. such short a time
64. ______ curriculum includes all experiences which the students may have within the environment of the school.
A. Broad speaking B. Speaking broadly C. Broadly speaking D. Broadly speak
65. Since taxi fare in the city may run ______ twenty dollars, I suggest that you take a bus.
A. as high as B. as expensive as
C. so high that D. so expensive as
66. If negotiations for the new trade agreements take ______, critical food shortages will develop in several countries.
A. too much longer B. much too long C. the longest D. the longer
67. If he had followed the directions carefully in taking the medicine, he would have felt better ______.
A. much quicker B. more quick C. much quickly D. more quickly
68. Since he spent his childhood in France, Jack is able to converse in French ______.
A. rather good B. quite better C. fairly more D. rather well
69. Of the two cars that the Smiths have, the Plymouth is, without any question, ______.
A. the cheapest to run B. the cheaper to run C. cheaper D. more cheaper
70. With ______ three inches of rain falling in a six-month period, the farmers found it necessary to irrigate the land
A. less than B. little than C. fewer than D. less few than
71. On a small marble table in the center of her boudoir stands ______ vase.
A. a little exquisite antique brown Chinese porcelain
B. an exquisite little antique brown Chinese porcelain
C. an antique little exquisite brown Chinese porcelain
D. a Chinese antique little expensive brown porcelain
72. “When is Tom going to leave?”
“He is going to leave ______ this week.”
A. sometimes B. some time C. sometime D. somewhat
73. The librarian insists that Dana take ______ books from library before she returns the dictionary she borrowed last month.
A. no B. many C. not many D. no more
74. The facilities of the older hospital are ______ the new hospital.
A. as good or better than B. as good as or better as
C. as good as or better than D. as good as or better than those of
75. ______ iron has relatively few economical uses.
A. Chemical pure B. Chemically pure
C. Pure chemical D. Purely chemical
76. I walked 8 miles today. I never guessed that I could walk ______ far.
A. much B. that C. such D. as
77. They _____ to our proposal.
A. have not still responded B. have not responded still
C. have still not responded D. still have not responded
78. True hibernation takes place only among ______ animals.
A. whose blood is warm B. blood worm
C. warm-blooded D. they have warm blood
79. He works ______.
A. lone B. lonely C. alone D. lonesome
80. A _____ road goes ______ from our college to the center.
A. straight…straight B. straightly…straightly
C. straight…straightly D. straightly…straight
【试题答案】
1~5 BCAAC 6~10 DBDCD 11~15 BDBAC
16~20 AACCB 21~25 CCDCD 26~30 BADBB
31~35 ABBDA 36~40 BDCCC 41~45 ADCAB
46~50 CBBCD 51~55 CADDA 56~60 CBCBD
61~65 AACCA 66~70 BDDCA 71~75 BCDDB
76~80 BDCCA